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ISC License
Copyright (c) 2016, Mapbox
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose
with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF
THIS SOFTWARE.

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## Earcut
The fastest and smallest JavaScript polygon triangulation library. 3KB gzipped.
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/mapbox/earcut.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/mapbox/earcut)
[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/mapbox/earcut/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/mapbox/earcut?branch=master)
[![Average time to resolve an issue](http://isitmaintained.com/badge/resolution/mapbox/earcut.svg)](http://isitmaintained.com/project/mapbox/earcut "Average time to resolve an issue")
[![Percentage of issues still open](http://isitmaintained.com/badge/open/mapbox/earcut.svg)](http://isitmaintained.com/project/mapbox/earcut "Percentage of issues still open")
[![](https://img.shields.io/badge/simply-awesome-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/mourner/projects)
#### The algorithm
The library implements a modified ear slicing algorithm,
optimized by [z-order curve](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-order_curve) hashing
and extended to handle holes, twisted polygons, degeneracies and self-intersections
in a way that doesn't _guarantee_ correctness of triangulation,
but attempts to always produce acceptable results for practical data.
It's based on ideas from
[FIST: Fast Industrial-Strength Triangulation of Polygons](http://www.cosy.sbg.ac.at/~held/projects/triang/triang.html) by Martin Held
and [Triangulation by Ear Clipping](http://www.geometrictools.com/Documentation/TriangulationByEarClipping.pdf) by David Eberly.
#### Why another triangulation library?
The aim of this project is to create a JS triangulation library
that is **fast enough for real-time triangulation in the browser**,
sacrificing triangulation quality for raw speed and simplicity,
while being robust enough to handle most practical datasets without crashing or producing garbage.
Some benchmarks using Node 0.12:
(ops/sec) | pts | earcut | libtess | poly2tri | pnltri | polyk
------------------| ---- | --------- | -------- | -------- | --------- | ------
OSM building | 15 | _795,935_ | _50,640_ | _61,501_ | _122,966_ | _175,570_
dude shape | 94 | _35,658_ | _10,339_ | _8,784_ | _11,172_ | _13,557_
holed dude shape | 104 | _28,319_ | _8,883_ | _7,494_ | _2,130_ | n/a
complex OSM water | 2523 | _543_ | _77.54_ | failure | failure | n/a
huge OSM water | 5667 | _95_ | _29.30_ | failure | failure | n/a
The original use case it was created for is [Mapbox GL](https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl), WebGL-based interactive maps.
If you want to get correct triangulation even on very bad data with lots of self-intersections
and earcut is not precise enough, take a look at [libtess.js](https://github.com/brendankenny/libtess.js).
#### Usage
```js
var triangles = earcut([10,0, 0,50, 60,60, 70,10]); // returns [1,0,3, 3,2,1]
```
Signature: `earcut(vertices[, holes, dimensions = 2])`.
* `vertices` is a flat array of vertex coordinates like `[x0,y0, x1,y1, x2,y2, ...]`.
* `holes` is an array of hole _indices_ if any
(e.g. `[5, 8]` for a 12-vertex input would mean one hole with vertices 5–7 and another with 8–11).
* `dimensions` is the number of coordinates per vertex in the input array (`2` by default).
Each group of three vertex indices in the resulting array forms a triangle.
```js
// triangulating a polygon with a hole
earcut([0,0, 100,0, 100,100, 0,100, 20,20, 80,20, 80,80, 20,80], [4]);
// [3,0,4, 5,4,0, 3,4,7, 5,0,1, 2,3,7, 6,5,1, 2,7,6, 6,1,2]
// triangulating a polygon with 3d coords
earcut([10,0,1, 0,50,2, 60,60,3, 70,10,4], null, 3);
// [1,0,3, 3,2,1]
```
If you pass a single vertex as a hole, Earcut treats it as a Steiner point.
If your input is a multi-dimensional array (e.g. [GeoJSON Polygon](http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#polygon)),
you can convert it to the format expected by Earcut with `earcut.flatten`:
```js
var data = earcut.flatten(geojson.geometry.coordinates);
var triangles = earcut(data.vertices, data.holes, data.dimensions);
```
After getting a triangulation, you can verify its correctness with `earcut.deviation`:
```js
var deviation = earcut.deviation(vertices, holes, dimensions, triangles);
```
Returns the relative difference between the total area of triangles and the area of the input polygon.
`0` means the triangulation is fully correct.
#### Install
NPM and Browserify:
```bash
npm install earcut
```
Browser builds on CDN:
- [development build](https://unpkg.com/earcut@2.2.4/dist/earcut.dev.js)
- [minified production build](https://unpkg.com/earcut@2.2.4/dist/earcut.min.js)
Running tests:
```bash
npm test
```
![](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/25395/5778431/e8ec0c10-9da3-11e4-8d4e-a2ced6a7d2b7.png)
#### Ports to other languages
- [mapbox/earcut.hpp](https://github.com/mapbox/earcut.hpp) (C++11)
- [earcut4j/earcut4j](https://github.com/earcut4j/earcut4j) (Java)
- [the3deers/earcut-java](https://github.com/the3deers/earcut-java) (Java)
- [Larpon/earcut](https://github.com/Larpon/earcut) (V)
- [Cawfree/earcut-j](https://github.com/Cawfree/earcut-j) (Java, outdated)
#### Changelog
##### 2.2.4 (Jul 5, 2022)
- Improved performance by 1015%.
- Fixed another rare race condition that could lead to an infinite loop.
##### 2.2.3 (Jul 8, 2021)
- Fixed a rare race condition that could lead to an infinite loop.
##### 2.2.2 (Jan 21, 2020)
- Fixed yet another rare race condition when a hole shared an edge with an outer ring.
##### 2.2.1 (Sep 19, 2019)
- Fixed another rare case with touching holes.
##### 2.2.0 (Sep 18, 2019)
- Fixed a handful of rare race conditions.
##### 2.1.5 (Feb 5, 2019)
- Fixed a race condition with coincident holes that could lead to bad triangulation.
##### 2.1.4 (Dec 4, 2018)
- Fixed a race condition that could lead to a freeze on degenerate input.
##### 2.1.3 (Jan 4, 2018)
- Improved performance for bigger inputs (5-12%).
##### 2.1.2 (Oct 23, 2017)
- Fixed a few race conditions where bad input would cause an error.
##### 2.1.1 (Mar 17, 2016)
- Fixed a rare race condition where the split routine would choose bad diagonals.
- Fixed a rare race condition in the "cure local intersections" routine.
- Fixed a rare race condition where a hole that shares a point with the outer ring would be handled incorrectly.
- Fixed a bug where a closing point wouldn't be filtered as duplicate, sometimes breaking triangulation.
##### 2.1.0 (Mar 11, 2016)
- Added `earcut.deviation` function for verifying correctness of triangulation.
- Added `earcut.flatten` function for converting GeoJSON-like input into a format Earcut expects.
##### 2.0.9 (Mar 10, 2016)
- Fixed a rare race condition where a hole would be handled incorrectly.
##### 2.0.8 (Jan 19, 2016)
- Fixed a rare race condition with a hole touching outer ring.
##### 2.0.7 (Nov 18, 2015)
- Changed the algorithm to avoid filtering colinear/duplicate vertices unless it can't triangulate the polygon otherwise.
Improves performance on simpler shapes and fixes some 3D use cases.
##### 2.0.6 (Oct 26, 2015)
- Improved robustness and reliability of the triangulation algorithm.
- Improved performance by up to 15%.
- Significantly improved source code clarity.
##### 2.0.5 (Oct 12, 2015)
- Fixed a z-curve hashing bug that could lead to unexpected results in very rare cases involving shapes with lots of points.
##### 2.0.4 (Oct 8, 2015)
- Fixed one more extremely rare race condition, lol!
##### 2.0.3 (Oct 8, 2015)
- Fixed yet another rare race condition (multiple holes connected with colinear bridges).
- Fixed crash on empty input.
##### 2.0.2 (Jul 8, 2015)
- Fixed one more rare race condition with a holed polygon.
##### 2.0.1 (May 11, 2015)
- Added Steiner points support.
##### 2.0.0 (Apr 30, 2015)
- **Breaking**: changed the API to accept a flat input array of vertices with hole indices and return triangle indices.
It makes the indexed output much faster than it was before (up to 30%) and improves memory footprint.
##### 1.4.2 (Mar 18, 2015)
- Fixed another rare edge case with a tiny hole in a huge polygon.
##### 1.4.1 (Mar 17, 2015)
- Fixed a rare edge case that led to incomplete triangulation.
##### 1.4.0 (Mar 9, 2015)
- Fixed indexed output to produce indices not multiplied by dimension and work with any number of dimensions.
##### 1.3.0 (Feb 24, 2015)
- Added a second argument to `earcut` that switches output format to flat vertex and index arrays if set to `true`.
##### 1.2.3 (Feb 10, 2015)
- Improved performance (especially on recent v8) by avoiding `Array` `push` with multiple arguments.
##### 1.2.2 (Jan 27, 2015)
- Significantly improved performance for polygons with self-intersections
(e.g. big OSM water polygons are now handled 2-3x faster)
##### 1.2.1 (Jan 26, 2015)
- Significantly improved performance on polygons with high number of vertices
by using z-order curve hashing for vertex lookup.
- Slightly improved overall performance with better point filtering.
##### 1.1.0 (Jan 21, 2015)
- Improved performance on polygons with holes by switching from Held to Eberly hole elimination algorithm
- More robustness fixes and tests
##### 1.0.1 — 1.0.6 (Jan 20, 2015)
- Various robustness improvements and fixes.
##### 1.0.0 (Jan 18, 2015)
- Initial release.

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{
"name": "earcut",
"version": "2.2.4",
"description": "The fastest and smallest JavaScript polygon triangulation library for your WebGL apps",
"main": "src/earcut.js",
"unpkg": "dist/earcut.min.js",
"jsdelivr": "dist/earcut.min.js",
"files": [
"dist/earcut.min.js",
"dist/earcut.dev.js"
],
"scripts": {
"pretest": "eslint src test/test.js",
"test": "tape test/test.js",
"watch": "mkdirp dist && watchify -v -d src/earcut.js -s earcut -o dist/earcut.dev.js",
"build-dev": "mkdirp dist && browserify -d src/earcut.js -s earcut > dist/earcut.dev.js",
"build-min": "mkdirp dist && browserify src/earcut.js -s earcut | uglifyjs -c -m > dist/earcut.min.js",
"prepublishOnly": "npm run build-dev && npm run build-min",
"cov": "c8 tape test/*.js",
"coveralls": "npm run cov && c8 report -r lcov && coveralls < ./coverage/lcov.info"
},
"author": "Vladimir Agafonkin",
"license": "ISC",
"devDependencies": {
"benchmark": "^2.1.4",
"browserify": "^17.0.0",
"c8": "^7.11.3",
"coveralls": "^3.1.1",
"eslint": "^8.19.0",
"eslint-config-mourner": "^2.0.3",
"mkdirp": "^1.0.4",
"tape": "^5.5.3",
"uglify-js": "^3.16.2",
"watchify": "^4.0.0"
},
"eslintConfig": {
"extends": "mourner"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/mapbox/earcut.git"
}
}

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'use strict';
module.exports = earcut;
module.exports.default = earcut;
function earcut(data, holeIndices, dim) {
dim = dim || 2;
var hasHoles = holeIndices && holeIndices.length,
outerLen = hasHoles ? holeIndices[0] * dim : data.length,
outerNode = linkedList(data, 0, outerLen, dim, true),
triangles = [];
if (!outerNode || outerNode.next === outerNode.prev) return triangles;
var minX, minY, maxX, maxY, x, y, invSize;
if (hasHoles) outerNode = eliminateHoles(data, holeIndices, outerNode, dim);
// if the shape is not too simple, we'll use z-order curve hash later; calculate polygon bbox
if (data.length > 80 * dim) {
minX = maxX = data[0];
minY = maxY = data[1];
for (var i = dim; i < outerLen; i += dim) {
x = data[i];
y = data[i + 1];
if (x < minX) minX = x;
if (y < minY) minY = y;
if (x > maxX) maxX = x;
if (y > maxY) maxY = y;
}
// minX, minY and invSize are later used to transform coords into integers for z-order calculation
invSize = Math.max(maxX - minX, maxY - minY);
invSize = invSize !== 0 ? 32767 / invSize : 0;
}
earcutLinked(outerNode, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize, 0);
return triangles;
}
// create a circular doubly linked list from polygon points in the specified winding order
function linkedList(data, start, end, dim, clockwise) {
var i, last;
if (clockwise === (signedArea(data, start, end, dim) > 0)) {
for (i = start; i < end; i += dim) last = insertNode(i, data[i], data[i + 1], last);
} else {
for (i = end - dim; i >= start; i -= dim) last = insertNode(i, data[i], data[i + 1], last);
}
if (last && equals(last, last.next)) {
removeNode(last);
last = last.next;
}
return last;
}
// eliminate colinear or duplicate points
function filterPoints(start, end) {
if (!start) return start;
if (!end) end = start;
var p = start,
again;
do {
again = false;
if (!p.steiner && (equals(p, p.next) || area(p.prev, p, p.next) === 0)) {
removeNode(p);
p = end = p.prev;
if (p === p.next) break;
again = true;
} else {
p = p.next;
}
} while (again || p !== end);
return end;
}
// main ear slicing loop which triangulates a polygon (given as a linked list)
function earcutLinked(ear, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize, pass) {
if (!ear) return;
// interlink polygon nodes in z-order
if (!pass && invSize) indexCurve(ear, minX, minY, invSize);
var stop = ear,
prev, next;
// iterate through ears, slicing them one by one
while (ear.prev !== ear.next) {
prev = ear.prev;
next = ear.next;
if (invSize ? isEarHashed(ear, minX, minY, invSize) : isEar(ear)) {
// cut off the triangle
triangles.push(prev.i / dim | 0);
triangles.push(ear.i / dim | 0);
triangles.push(next.i / dim | 0);
removeNode(ear);
// skipping the next vertex leads to less sliver triangles
ear = next.next;
stop = next.next;
continue;
}
ear = next;
// if we looped through the whole remaining polygon and can't find any more ears
if (ear === stop) {
// try filtering points and slicing again
if (!pass) {
earcutLinked(filterPoints(ear), triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize, 1);
// if this didn't work, try curing all small self-intersections locally
} else if (pass === 1) {
ear = cureLocalIntersections(filterPoints(ear), triangles, dim);
earcutLinked(ear, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize, 2);
// as a last resort, try splitting the remaining polygon into two
} else if (pass === 2) {
splitEarcut(ear, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize);
}
break;
}
}
}
// check whether a polygon node forms a valid ear with adjacent nodes
function isEar(ear) {
var a = ear.prev,
b = ear,
c = ear.next;
if (area(a, b, c) >= 0) return false; // reflex, can't be an ear
// now make sure we don't have other points inside the potential ear
var ax = a.x, bx = b.x, cx = c.x, ay = a.y, by = b.y, cy = c.y;
// triangle bbox; min & max are calculated like this for speed
var x0 = ax < bx ? (ax < cx ? ax : cx) : (bx < cx ? bx : cx),
y0 = ay < by ? (ay < cy ? ay : cy) : (by < cy ? by : cy),
x1 = ax > bx ? (ax > cx ? ax : cx) : (bx > cx ? bx : cx),
y1 = ay > by ? (ay > cy ? ay : cy) : (by > cy ? by : cy);
var p = c.next;
while (p !== a) {
if (p.x >= x0 && p.x <= x1 && p.y >= y0 && p.y <= y1 &&
pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, p.x, p.y) &&
area(p.prev, p, p.next) >= 0) return false;
p = p.next;
}
return true;
}
function isEarHashed(ear, minX, minY, invSize) {
var a = ear.prev,
b = ear,
c = ear.next;
if (area(a, b, c) >= 0) return false; // reflex, can't be an ear
var ax = a.x, bx = b.x, cx = c.x, ay = a.y, by = b.y, cy = c.y;
// triangle bbox; min & max are calculated like this for speed
var x0 = ax < bx ? (ax < cx ? ax : cx) : (bx < cx ? bx : cx),
y0 = ay < by ? (ay < cy ? ay : cy) : (by < cy ? by : cy),
x1 = ax > bx ? (ax > cx ? ax : cx) : (bx > cx ? bx : cx),
y1 = ay > by ? (ay > cy ? ay : cy) : (by > cy ? by : cy);
// z-order range for the current triangle bbox;
var minZ = zOrder(x0, y0, minX, minY, invSize),
maxZ = zOrder(x1, y1, minX, minY, invSize);
var p = ear.prevZ,
n = ear.nextZ;
// look for points inside the triangle in both directions
while (p && p.z >= minZ && n && n.z <= maxZ) {
if (p.x >= x0 && p.x <= x1 && p.y >= y0 && p.y <= y1 && p !== a && p !== c &&
pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, p.x, p.y) && area(p.prev, p, p.next) >= 0) return false;
p = p.prevZ;
if (n.x >= x0 && n.x <= x1 && n.y >= y0 && n.y <= y1 && n !== a && n !== c &&
pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, n.x, n.y) && area(n.prev, n, n.next) >= 0) return false;
n = n.nextZ;
}
// look for remaining points in decreasing z-order
while (p && p.z >= minZ) {
if (p.x >= x0 && p.x <= x1 && p.y >= y0 && p.y <= y1 && p !== a && p !== c &&
pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, p.x, p.y) && area(p.prev, p, p.next) >= 0) return false;
p = p.prevZ;
}
// look for remaining points in increasing z-order
while (n && n.z <= maxZ) {
if (n.x >= x0 && n.x <= x1 && n.y >= y0 && n.y <= y1 && n !== a && n !== c &&
pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, n.x, n.y) && area(n.prev, n, n.next) >= 0) return false;
n = n.nextZ;
}
return true;
}
// go through all polygon nodes and cure small local self-intersections
function cureLocalIntersections(start, triangles, dim) {
var p = start;
do {
var a = p.prev,
b = p.next.next;
if (!equals(a, b) && intersects(a, p, p.next, b) && locallyInside(a, b) && locallyInside(b, a)) {
triangles.push(a.i / dim | 0);
triangles.push(p.i / dim | 0);
triangles.push(b.i / dim | 0);
// remove two nodes involved
removeNode(p);
removeNode(p.next);
p = start = b;
}
p = p.next;
} while (p !== start);
return filterPoints(p);
}
// try splitting polygon into two and triangulate them independently
function splitEarcut(start, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize) {
// look for a valid diagonal that divides the polygon into two
var a = start;
do {
var b = a.next.next;
while (b !== a.prev) {
if (a.i !== b.i && isValidDiagonal(a, b)) {
// split the polygon in two by the diagonal
var c = splitPolygon(a, b);
// filter colinear points around the cuts
a = filterPoints(a, a.next);
c = filterPoints(c, c.next);
// run earcut on each half
earcutLinked(a, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize, 0);
earcutLinked(c, triangles, dim, minX, minY, invSize, 0);
return;
}
b = b.next;
}
a = a.next;
} while (a !== start);
}
// link every hole into the outer loop, producing a single-ring polygon without holes
function eliminateHoles(data, holeIndices, outerNode, dim) {
var queue = [],
i, len, start, end, list;
for (i = 0, len = holeIndices.length; i < len; i++) {
start = holeIndices[i] * dim;
end = i < len - 1 ? holeIndices[i + 1] * dim : data.length;
list = linkedList(data, start, end, dim, false);
if (list === list.next) list.steiner = true;
queue.push(getLeftmost(list));
}
queue.sort(compareX);
// process holes from left to right
for (i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
outerNode = eliminateHole(queue[i], outerNode);
}
return outerNode;
}
function compareX(a, b) {
return a.x - b.x;
}
// find a bridge between vertices that connects hole with an outer ring and and link it
function eliminateHole(hole, outerNode) {
var bridge = findHoleBridge(hole, outerNode);
if (!bridge) {
return outerNode;
}
var bridgeReverse = splitPolygon(bridge, hole);
// filter collinear points around the cuts
filterPoints(bridgeReverse, bridgeReverse.next);
return filterPoints(bridge, bridge.next);
}
// David Eberly's algorithm for finding a bridge between hole and outer polygon
function findHoleBridge(hole, outerNode) {
var p = outerNode,
hx = hole.x,
hy = hole.y,
qx = -Infinity,
m;
// find a segment intersected by a ray from the hole's leftmost point to the left;
// segment's endpoint with lesser x will be potential connection point
do {
if (hy <= p.y && hy >= p.next.y && p.next.y !== p.y) {
var x = p.x + (hy - p.y) * (p.next.x - p.x) / (p.next.y - p.y);
if (x <= hx && x > qx) {
qx = x;
m = p.x < p.next.x ? p : p.next;
if (x === hx) return m; // hole touches outer segment; pick leftmost endpoint
}
}
p = p.next;
} while (p !== outerNode);
if (!m) return null;
// look for points inside the triangle of hole point, segment intersection and endpoint;
// if there are no points found, we have a valid connection;
// otherwise choose the point of the minimum angle with the ray as connection point
var stop = m,
mx = m.x,
my = m.y,
tanMin = Infinity,
tan;
p = m;
do {
if (hx >= p.x && p.x >= mx && hx !== p.x &&
pointInTriangle(hy < my ? hx : qx, hy, mx, my, hy < my ? qx : hx, hy, p.x, p.y)) {
tan = Math.abs(hy - p.y) / (hx - p.x); // tangential
if (locallyInside(p, hole) &&
(tan < tanMin || (tan === tanMin && (p.x > m.x || (p.x === m.x && sectorContainsSector(m, p)))))) {
m = p;
tanMin = tan;
}
}
p = p.next;
} while (p !== stop);
return m;
}
// whether sector in vertex m contains sector in vertex p in the same coordinates
function sectorContainsSector(m, p) {
return area(m.prev, m, p.prev) < 0 && area(p.next, m, m.next) < 0;
}
// interlink polygon nodes in z-order
function indexCurve(start, minX, minY, invSize) {
var p = start;
do {
if (p.z === 0) p.z = zOrder(p.x, p.y, minX, minY, invSize);
p.prevZ = p.prev;
p.nextZ = p.next;
p = p.next;
} while (p !== start);
p.prevZ.nextZ = null;
p.prevZ = null;
sortLinked(p);
}
// Simon Tatham's linked list merge sort algorithm
// http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/algorithms/listsort.html
function sortLinked(list) {
var i, p, q, e, tail, numMerges, pSize, qSize,
inSize = 1;
do {
p = list;
list = null;
tail = null;
numMerges = 0;
while (p) {
numMerges++;
q = p;
pSize = 0;
for (i = 0; i < inSize; i++) {
pSize++;
q = q.nextZ;
if (!q) break;
}
qSize = inSize;
while (pSize > 0 || (qSize > 0 && q)) {
if (pSize !== 0 && (qSize === 0 || !q || p.z <= q.z)) {
e = p;
p = p.nextZ;
pSize--;
} else {
e = q;
q = q.nextZ;
qSize--;
}
if (tail) tail.nextZ = e;
else list = e;
e.prevZ = tail;
tail = e;
}
p = q;
}
tail.nextZ = null;
inSize *= 2;
} while (numMerges > 1);
return list;
}
// z-order of a point given coords and inverse of the longer side of data bbox
function zOrder(x, y, minX, minY, invSize) {
// coords are transformed into non-negative 15-bit integer range
x = (x - minX) * invSize | 0;
y = (y - minY) * invSize | 0;
x = (x | (x << 8)) & 0x00FF00FF;
x = (x | (x << 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
x = (x | (x << 2)) & 0x33333333;
x = (x | (x << 1)) & 0x55555555;
y = (y | (y << 8)) & 0x00FF00FF;
y = (y | (y << 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F;
y = (y | (y << 2)) & 0x33333333;
y = (y | (y << 1)) & 0x55555555;
return x | (y << 1);
}
// find the leftmost node of a polygon ring
function getLeftmost(start) {
var p = start,
leftmost = start;
do {
if (p.x < leftmost.x || (p.x === leftmost.x && p.y < leftmost.y)) leftmost = p;
p = p.next;
} while (p !== start);
return leftmost;
}
// check if a point lies within a convex triangle
function pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, px, py) {
return (cx - px) * (ay - py) >= (ax - px) * (cy - py) &&
(ax - px) * (by - py) >= (bx - px) * (ay - py) &&
(bx - px) * (cy - py) >= (cx - px) * (by - py);
}
// check if a diagonal between two polygon nodes is valid (lies in polygon interior)
function isValidDiagonal(a, b) {
return a.next.i !== b.i && a.prev.i !== b.i && !intersectsPolygon(a, b) && // dones't intersect other edges
(locallyInside(a, b) && locallyInside(b, a) && middleInside(a, b) && // locally visible
(area(a.prev, a, b.prev) || area(a, b.prev, b)) || // does not create opposite-facing sectors
equals(a, b) && area(a.prev, a, a.next) > 0 && area(b.prev, b, b.next) > 0); // special zero-length case
}
// signed area of a triangle
function area(p, q, r) {
return (q.y - p.y) * (r.x - q.x) - (q.x - p.x) * (r.y - q.y);
}
// check if two points are equal
function equals(p1, p2) {
return p1.x === p2.x && p1.y === p2.y;
}
// check if two segments intersect
function intersects(p1, q1, p2, q2) {
var o1 = sign(area(p1, q1, p2));
var o2 = sign(area(p1, q1, q2));
var o3 = sign(area(p2, q2, p1));
var o4 = sign(area(p2, q2, q1));
if (o1 !== o2 && o3 !== o4) return true; // general case
if (o1 === 0 && onSegment(p1, p2, q1)) return true; // p1, q1 and p2 are collinear and p2 lies on p1q1
if (o2 === 0 && onSegment(p1, q2, q1)) return true; // p1, q1 and q2 are collinear and q2 lies on p1q1
if (o3 === 0 && onSegment(p2, p1, q2)) return true; // p2, q2 and p1 are collinear and p1 lies on p2q2
if (o4 === 0 && onSegment(p2, q1, q2)) return true; // p2, q2 and q1 are collinear and q1 lies on p2q2
return false;
}
// for collinear points p, q, r, check if point q lies on segment pr
function onSegment(p, q, r) {
return q.x <= Math.max(p.x, r.x) && q.x >= Math.min(p.x, r.x) && q.y <= Math.max(p.y, r.y) && q.y >= Math.min(p.y, r.y);
}
function sign(num) {
return num > 0 ? 1 : num < 0 ? -1 : 0;
}
// check if a polygon diagonal intersects any polygon segments
function intersectsPolygon(a, b) {
var p = a;
do {
if (p.i !== a.i && p.next.i !== a.i && p.i !== b.i && p.next.i !== b.i &&
intersects(p, p.next, a, b)) return true;
p = p.next;
} while (p !== a);
return false;
}
// check if a polygon diagonal is locally inside the polygon
function locallyInside(a, b) {
return area(a.prev, a, a.next) < 0 ?
area(a, b, a.next) >= 0 && area(a, a.prev, b) >= 0 :
area(a, b, a.prev) < 0 || area(a, a.next, b) < 0;
}
// check if the middle point of a polygon diagonal is inside the polygon
function middleInside(a, b) {
var p = a,
inside = false,
px = (a.x + b.x) / 2,
py = (a.y + b.y) / 2;
do {
if (((p.y > py) !== (p.next.y > py)) && p.next.y !== p.y &&
(px < (p.next.x - p.x) * (py - p.y) / (p.next.y - p.y) + p.x))
inside = !inside;
p = p.next;
} while (p !== a);
return inside;
}
// link two polygon vertices with a bridge; if the vertices belong to the same ring, it splits polygon into two;
// if one belongs to the outer ring and another to a hole, it merges it into a single ring
function splitPolygon(a, b) {
var a2 = new Node(a.i, a.x, a.y),
b2 = new Node(b.i, b.x, b.y),
an = a.next,
bp = b.prev;
a.next = b;
b.prev = a;
a2.next = an;
an.prev = a2;
b2.next = a2;
a2.prev = b2;
bp.next = b2;
b2.prev = bp;
return b2;
}
// create a node and optionally link it with previous one (in a circular doubly linked list)
function insertNode(i, x, y, last) {
var p = new Node(i, x, y);
if (!last) {
p.prev = p;
p.next = p;
} else {
p.next = last.next;
p.prev = last;
last.next.prev = p;
last.next = p;
}
return p;
}
function removeNode(p) {
p.next.prev = p.prev;
p.prev.next = p.next;
if (p.prevZ) p.prevZ.nextZ = p.nextZ;
if (p.nextZ) p.nextZ.prevZ = p.prevZ;
}
function Node(i, x, y) {
// vertex index in coordinates array
this.i = i;
// vertex coordinates
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
// previous and next vertex nodes in a polygon ring
this.prev = null;
this.next = null;
// z-order curve value
this.z = 0;
// previous and next nodes in z-order
this.prevZ = null;
this.nextZ = null;
// indicates whether this is a steiner point
this.steiner = false;
}
// return a percentage difference between the polygon area and its triangulation area;
// used to verify correctness of triangulation
earcut.deviation = function (data, holeIndices, dim, triangles) {
var hasHoles = holeIndices && holeIndices.length;
var outerLen = hasHoles ? holeIndices[0] * dim : data.length;
var polygonArea = Math.abs(signedArea(data, 0, outerLen, dim));
if (hasHoles) {
for (var i = 0, len = holeIndices.length; i < len; i++) {
var start = holeIndices[i] * dim;
var end = i < len - 1 ? holeIndices[i + 1] * dim : data.length;
polygonArea -= Math.abs(signedArea(data, start, end, dim));
}
}
var trianglesArea = 0;
for (i = 0; i < triangles.length; i += 3) {
var a = triangles[i] * dim;
var b = triangles[i + 1] * dim;
var c = triangles[i + 2] * dim;
trianglesArea += Math.abs(
(data[a] - data[c]) * (data[b + 1] - data[a + 1]) -
(data[a] - data[b]) * (data[c + 1] - data[a + 1]));
}
return polygonArea === 0 && trianglesArea === 0 ? 0 :
Math.abs((trianglesArea - polygonArea) / polygonArea);
};
function signedArea(data, start, end, dim) {
var sum = 0;
for (var i = start, j = end - dim; i < end; i += dim) {
sum += (data[j] - data[i]) * (data[i + 1] + data[j + 1]);
j = i;
}
return sum;
}
// turn a polygon in a multi-dimensional array form (e.g. as in GeoJSON) into a form Earcut accepts
earcut.flatten = function (data) {
var dim = data[0][0].length,
result = {vertices: [], holes: [], dimensions: dim},
holeIndex = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < data[i].length; j++) {
for (var d = 0; d < dim; d++) result.vertices.push(data[i][j][d]);
}
if (i > 0) {
holeIndex += data[i - 1].length;
result.holes.push(holeIndex);
}
}
return result;
};